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Trees
Used in the Paper Industry
There
are a variety of trees that are used in papermaking. It is important
to remember that paper manufacturing mainly uses off-cuts and trimmings
from trees used in other commercial industries such as furniture making
and construction.
Hardwoods
Hardwoods are trees that lose their leaves in Autumn. The shorter hardwood
fibres provide bulk, smoothness and opacity and are used to produce fluting
medium (wavy layers inside cardboard) and printings and writings papers.
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ACACIA |
Black Wattle (Acacia mollissima)
Acacia mollissima and mearnsii are native to Australia, grown in east and south
Africa and other parts of the world. Mangium is native to Indonesia and northern
Australia. |
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ASPEN |
European Aspen (Populus tremula)
Native to Scotland, Ireland, England and Wales, grown across Europe
including Sweden, Poland and Russia. Also found in northern Africa
and Asia.
Quaking or Trembling Aspen (Populus tremuloides) Grown from Alaska to Newfoundland and southward to Virginia, the
Rocky Mountains, extending south to southern Arizona and northern
New Mexico.
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BIRCH |
| American Birch (Betula alleghaniensis)
Occurs in South eastern Canada and many east coast states in US including
Vermont, New York and Tennessee as well as northern Europe and northern
Asia.
Downy Birch (Betula pubescens)
Grown in Sweden and Finland.
European Birch (Betula sp.)
Grown in Europe, the United Kingdom and Scandinavia.
Paper Birch (Betula papyrifera)
Found across southern Canada and as far and wide as Alaska,
Wyoming, Massachusetts and New Hampshire in the US.
Silver Birch (Betula pendula)
Grown in central Spain and the US but primarily found in
northern and eastern Europe, the United Kingdom, Norway,
Finland and Sweden. |
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EUCALYPTUS |
| Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis)
Found in Portugal and Spain.
Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus europhylla)
Grown in Brazil, Portugal, Spain and Australia.
Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus)
Cultivated in Portugal, Spain and Norway.
Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis)
Grown in Brazil and Norway.
Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus resinifera)
Found in eastern Australia.
Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus rostrata)
Occurs in Portugal and Spain.
Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus saligna)
Cultivated in Brazil, Portugal, Spain and Australia. |
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MAPLE |
| Red Maple (Acer rubrum)
Found in south eastern Canada and 34 states in the US from Vermont
to Texas.
Silver Maple (Acer saccharinum)
Grown in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario and Quebec in Canada
and 35 US eastern states.
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OAK |
Black Oak (Quercus velutina)
Found in Ontario in Canada and 35 US eastern states.
California Black Oak (Quercus kelloggii)
Grown throughout south west Oregon, Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada,
Southern California.
Red Oak (Quercus rubra)
Found in south east Canada including New Brunswick and Ontario and 33 US eastern
states.
Scarlet Oak (Quercus coccinea)
Occurs in Ontario in Canada and in 28 US eastern states. |
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POPLAR |
| Balsam Poplar (Populus balsamifera)
Found across southern Canada and 34 US states including Alaska, California
and Delaware.
Yellow Poplar (Liridendron tulipfera)
Occurs in 30 states in the US including Texas, Louisiana and
Virginia. |
Softwoods
Softwoods are cone bearing trees with needles or scale-like leaves.
They provide long cellulose fibres used to produce papers where strength
is needed such as packaging papers.
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FIR |
Balsam Fir (Abies balsamea)
Found in southern Canada and 15 north eastern US states.
Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)
Occurs in Great Britain, Ireland, France, Belgium, Germany,
New Zealand, Australia, Alberta and British Columbia in Canada,
US west coast
states such as Arizona, California and Nevada as well as New
York. |
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PINE |
Chile Pine or Monkey Puzzle Tree (Araucaria araucana)
Native to Chile and Patagonia, grown in Brazil.
Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana)
Found in Arctic Circle, southern Canada, including Yukon Territory,
as well as 14 US states such as Alaska and Indiana.
Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda)
Native to 15 south eastern states in the US including New Jersey,
Florida and Texas.
Lodgepole Pine (Pinus contorta)
Native to both Alaska and Mexico and includes the Pacific Coast
variety (contorta). Latifolia grows in the Rocky Mountains,
the United Kingdom,
Norway, Finland, Sweden and south west of Canada while murrayana
grows in south western Washington, western Oregon, California
and New Zealand.
Radiata Pine (Pinus radiata)
Native to California, grown in New Zealand, Australia, Chile,
South Africa, Spain, France, Argentina, Greece, India,
Guadeloupe Island
and Mexico.
Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris)
Grown from Scotland to the Pacific Coast of Siberia, Finland,
Sweden and Norway to Spain, Arctic Siberia to Mongolia,
Mediterranean, south
eastern Canada and north eastern United States, from
New England to Iowa.
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SPRUCE |
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Black Spruce (Picea mariana)
Found in north Alaska, spreading east in British Columbia, Canada,
and south in the US to New Jersey and west to Minnesota.
Red Spruce (Picea rubens)
Grown east from Ontario to Nova Scotia in Canada, and from
New England southwards to the mountains of North Carolina and
eastern
Tennessee in the US.
White Spruce (Picea glauca)
Occurs in Great Britain, across north America from Alaska,
spreading east in British Columbia, Canada, and south in the
US to Maine,
west to Minnesota, north western Montana, South Dakota and
Wyoming.
Norway Spruce (Picea abies)
Found throughout Europe such as the UK, Finland, Norway and
Sweden (except Denmark and the Netherlands), south eastern
Canada and
the north east, the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Coast
regions in the United States.
Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis)
Grown in the UK, Norway and Sweden as well as British Columbia,
Yukon Territory, Alaska, California, Oregon and Washington.
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WESTERN
HEMLOCK |
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Western Hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla)
Occurs in Alberta and on the coast of British Columbia in Canada,
Alaska, California, Idaho, Montana, Oregon and Washington in the
US, Japan, China and India.
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